Thoughts on Spell Lists

Spell lists should be designed around the needs of a campaign instead of a system.

A campaign where you fight evil creatures can have detect evil, but such a spell is actively harmful if you're going for a more realistic campaign with moral ambiguity; on the other hand, a campaign where you fight insane robots could have detect robot (or detect electric signature), something you'll never find in any D&D supplement (except maybe Spelljammer?). A campaign where entire dungeons will be underwater should have access to water breathing spells. A campaign where water is used mostly as a dungeon obstacle should not have water breathing spells. If the campaign takes place inland and there isn't likely to be much water at all, you also shouldn't have water breathing spells, especially as a player option that they can spend resources to take. There is only disappointment if you let the player actively choose an option you know will be useless.

Plane Shift is a classic example of a spell that can ruin campaigns. In a planar campaign it is super helpful, maybe even a virtual requirement. In another campaign, where the planes exist but most of the action is concentrated on earth, it's a "nice to have". On the other hand, on a campaign where the players are trapped in the Underdark, or supposed to be exploring the ruins of lost cities, Plane Shift can actively get in the way of the focus of the game. Or maybe the GM just doesn't want to design planar environments. In that case, the spell shouldn't be presented as an option. It's better GMing to get rid of the option entirely than come up with ways to artificially keep your players from using the option. The latter approach tends to feel like railroading.

On the other hand, maybe I, the GM, do like the idea of a our reality bordering an elemental plane of fire, and only that plane of fire. I could see a custom spell like "Travel to Plane of Fire", or perhaps a more fun name like "Hell Bound". So instead of dropping Plane Shift entirely, you can customize the nature of the spell. This ISN'T railroading, but world design.

So far this is nothing that can't be solved with some house rules. But if you're doing a lot of changes to the base D&D assumptions, house rules get over-complicated quickly. And really, that requires that you know what you'll need and what you won't early on. House rules presented before the game starts are often better received than house rules presented afterwards. But this isn't practical. I'm not arguing for you to figure out which spells are best suited for your campaign and which ones aren't before you've even started it! That way lies madness and wasted prep.

My favored ruleset, Knave, solves this problem quite elegantly.  Because spells are items, the GM has near total control over what spells exist in the world, and can add spells to the world as needed.  You can also take advantage of Guildhall systems- that is, requiring magic users to stop by at the local guild to learn spells-  to get the same effect with traditional Vancian magic- a guildhall may only be capable of teaching a limited set of spells, but different guildhalls teach different spells. This requires you not allow the player to get free spells per level, though.This is how B/X D&D actually works, but rarely how it's actually played. ... I think.

This incremental adding to the spells available in the world is a pretty stress free way to both limit spells that would cause problems as well as allow for thematic spell choices. Consider a guild made of descendants of a crashed spaceship- such a guild could teach unique science fantasy themed spells, like "Black Hole", "Invert Gravity", or the aforementioned "Detect Robot". Or if using Knave, you could place spell items with this theme inside a "Barrier Peaks" type science fantasy dungeon- if the players interact with the science fantasy elements of the world, their spell list will echo this, and if they don't, they'll never know those spells existed. Not all campaigns will need this particular example, in fact, most probably won't. But when using this style, you can build your spell list organically, to suit YOUR needs. As well as the needs of your players. Listen to your players, what they're interested in. You don't need to give them exactly what they want, but if you have a player trying to become a druid, it might be a good idea to start sketching up some nature spells.

Naturally, this also allows for third party spells to integrate into the game much better than having to add them to a game with a core spell list. When there's a core spell list, the extra spells picked up from blogs, modules, or even secondary canon material (such as Xanather's in 5E D&D) will always feel extra. If the chief way to get spells is by a player choosing them, the core spells will feel right in a way that the extra spells don't. But if the spells are all in a jumble being introduced via interaction with the world, then secondary source spells basically get to be on equal footing where the players are concerned.

- - -

To be clear, I'm not saying this is the only way to manage magic, or the best way. If the game you want to run happens to align with the D&D core assumptions (or the core assumptions of whatever game you're running), then you can use that spell list without problems. A lot of games are fine with this. Some people use magic word systems, which allow players to have a ton of power in creating spells- if you want that to be the feel of the campaign, where magic can truly do just about anything, that's fine, though it's not my preferred style.

There's also the GLOG, where you can pick the spell list of the world by picking the Wizard Schools available. It helps that GLOG spells are often very flavorful. Going with a flavorful spell list and seeing what that does to influence your worldbuilding is a perfectly valid approach, as long as you are willing to deal with the consequences.

And that speaks to a cost of the approach I have been suggesting here. A good spell list presented to the players is a marketing point. It gets players excited, which can help start your game on the right foot. In fact, when you're new to D&D, even the basic spells us veterans are tired of seem really cool and magical. But there's a cost to that as well. The excitement will fade. If you want players to be excited whenever they find a new spell, you need to hide the spell list. If you want them to be more excited at the beginning of the game, to give it more starting kinetic energy, you need to display your spell list from the start. Just don't be surprised if that enthusiasm lags. There is no right answer here.

So, to sum up:

• Pick a normal D&D spell list if you want a normal D&D game and don't need as much room to deviate later.
• If you want room to deviate from those norms and have include more unusual ideas, building a custom spell list is a good idea.
• The easiest way to do this is by NOT giving the players access to all the spells in the game at the start but building the list organically as the players earn their spells.
• Alternatively, coming up with a cool spell list and presenting it up front, like GLOG spells, can be a great marketing tool. 
• Or you can just let players collect magic words and create spells from scratch if you're ok with a more chaotic game. 

And I'm sure there's other methods that I'm not thinking about. For one thing, this assumes specific spells doing specific things. Open ended magic users like Skerple's Sorcerer, for example, are a different ball game entirely.

But I really do find the hidden spell list, organically built up over the course of the game, to be the most intriguing and useful of these options, at least for my own purposes. It's something I will explore further.

Merchant Management, and their Weird Wares (d12 table included, free of charge!)

Warning, incoming "Dark Souls Is Pretty OSR" comment approaching. It'll be quick, I promise.


Today I want to talk about merchants, and I happen to have been playing a lot of Dark Souls recently- my first playthrough, in 2019, I am late to the party, yes. I'm enjoying the game, even if I dislike the abrasive "git good" gaming culture around Dark Souls, it's better than I thought. However, the most fascinating part to me has been how the game handles merchants, and I find it to be relevant to tabletop gaming:

- You have to find the merchants. Some of them are in the dungeons. Some of them will go back to safety, others have permanently set up their shop in these dangerous places.
- They have limited inventories, and they often sell unique gear, or at least limited gear. The rarer it is, the more it costs.
 - Some of these prices are outrageous because they know you're in the middle of the dungeon and are willing to pay a premium, because who else is going to sell you this stuff?
- They can die. They can be killed. They can fall, into insanity or worse.
- Some of them sell magic, and this is the primary way magic is acquired in the game. 
- Some of them even update their stock as the game progresses. Others don't.

It's not revolutionary, really, but it is *interesting*, and it feels like you actually have to pay attention to npcs and where they are located. More brain activity is required on the part of the player than in most games. In a few cases, you can even learn something about the merchants based on what they sell.

There. I'm done talking about Dark Souls. Now let's talk about how to implement a similar vibe in your games.

A sentient hat that sells you spells.

Specialty Stores

So, back to D&D. The ideal D&D merchant, in my mind, has very specialized wares, has a low number of items in stock, and can be found in unusual locations.  I want to emphasize this: Your merchants should have a theme to the type of goods they carry, a very specific theme- not just "blacksmith", but "Blacksmith focused on making Heavy Armor" or "Blacksmith that makes Bludgeoning Weapons". They should have 4-6, maybe 10 items max, these don't all have to fit the theme- maybe the blacksmith also has some magical ores to sell, or a crest he picked up in the nearby forest. But the products he's really pushing are part of that theme.

Sure, you can have Ye Olde' Adventuring Gear Shop back in town that can cover basic supplying, in fact, I encourage that, but beyond that, define your merchants. A merchant with 4 specific magic items (or weird items...) is much more interesting than a merchant with "any +1 weapon or armor", or "any basic potion found in the guidebook".

Worse, those merchants that sell basic potions will drown out more specialized vendors. Why would you go see the potion vendor with 6-10 types of potions when you can see the potion vendor back in town who carries everything? So don't have those in your world. I don't hate Magic Item Shops because they make magic feel less magical or lead to min-maxing play, I hate them because they restrict the options you have for interesting encounters. 

And that's what this is about. Encounters. Having more merchants in your world, and giving players a reason to pay attention to them, this allows you to have a wider variety of interesting encounters. 

Just with our example of potion vendor, you can have multiple NPCs selling potions in your world- one might specialize in healing potions, one might specialize in transmutation potions, one might sell potent stat boosters with hefty drawbacks. These three can be different NPCs, found in different places, and when your players find these NPCs, they gain access to these new resources. But only if you have scrapped and scuttled your generic vendors. Realistically, you might have the healing potion specialists found in every town, as reliable healing is useful to have, even if it's expensive. But that still leaves room for all kinds of other potion sellers, because even the "generic" potion sellers are only carrying healing..

Now do that sort of division for everything. Keep a master list of your merchants and their specialties and locations. Don't necessarily list prices, but maybe list the key magic items they're selling.  THAT SAID, leave some room to develop other merchants. If the party befriends the morlock underdwellers, maybe they have a merchant who sells weird trinkets in exchange for *meat*. Just because you didn't prepare it on your list doesn't mean you can't improvise it. But add that merchant to the list.

Here's an example of what I might prepare.

Hannah
Sword Saleswoman(Traveling, Safe)
(1) Fire Sword, (1) Sword that Glows When Orcs Are Near, (2) Silver Swords, (1) Two Hander Sword, (2)  Jagged Longswords (fragile, deal extra damage on crits).

Notice that I have a complete lack of any truly creative ideas in this example (I'm saving those for loot), yet I did not have to resort to +1 magic weapons and these are all items that can be explained in character ("this sword sets things on fire. And this puppy has notches built into the blade, if you catch the enemy right it'll really mess them up, but be careful because they won't last long" instead of "uh, it's magical and hits harder")

No prices, because I know what my gear is worth... and I'm pretty arbitrary about it.

Merchant Mobility

As far as merchant's movements, there's Stable merchants and Traveling merchants, and Safe merchants and Risky merchants.  Stable merchants have shops set up and stay in or around them. Traveling merchants move from place to place selling their goods. Safe merchants are found in a town or other relatively easy to access location, while Risky merchants are found in the dungeon, or the middle of the wilderness.

How I organize this: 

- Stable merchants are keyed, whether in town or dungeon. Easy enough.
- Traveling merchants in Safe locations can show up as random encounters in town, or while traveling along roads.
- Traveling risky merchants can show up on random encounters in the dungeon or in non-road wilderness.

 I use nested encounter tables when it comes to Wandering NPCs. I put add a chance to meet a Wandering NPC to just about every encounter table, at which point I refer to a generic table for rival parties and merchants that I have roaming the world.

I don't usually use random encounters in most towns, outside of City-State of the Invincible Overlord and it's kin, instead I usually roll when the players arrive in town to see if any interesting people have showed up, or during downtime phases. .  


Note: Another technique I use is having "meeting spot" locations which automatically generate meetings with traveling NPCs. These include campgrounds, safe rooms, or just memorable locations that would otherwise be quickly moved through if there wasn't someone to talk to there. The first time you come to a place is an automatic encounter, determined randomly by going back to my Wandering NPC charts, the second time onward there is, say, a 2 in 6 chance that someone else has arrived, and a 4 in 6 chance that the previous npc has moved on. These numbers are fairly arbitrary but convey the probabilities I prefer. I really, really like meeting spot locations. They keep even keyed locations from being predictable.

Why go through all this trouble? Why not key everything, or fiat everything? Well, the end result of all this is a robust world that should, hopefully feel alive. It also allows players to glean the habits of merchants- some are simply more reliable than others, and some consistently end up in dangerous places.

This is really it, but the rest of the post will be exploring the details.


Skill Trainers

Not like this. Probably.

Never use the term "skill trainer" in-game, but that's what they are. These are the type of merchants that don't actually sell gear, but teach you new spells or combat moves and stances. Or skills, if you have a skill system. Anything that gives a character new tricks or strengthens them, but not buying new gear pieces. The chief limiter here is not the merchants stock of goods, but training time. I still consider these to be merchants, and include them on my master merchant list.

Magic as Goods


I like the idea of spells being items that can be bought and sold, if only to spice up merchant wares. When spells are items, you can do an awful lot with them. They can be found as rewards. Or they can be carried as merchant wares. I've had some merchants carry explicitly random spellbooks, with the understanding that the merchant lacks the knowledge to identify the writings, so the shopkeeper has no idea what spell they contain. So even in universe the characters do not know what they are getting, and I can roll on a table then and there. The advantage here is that generally I sell most spells as consumables, but the randomized spellbooks are 1/day items, and they're cheaper than most. This also preserves the mystery of magic a bit, when even the merchants don't 100% know what they're selling.

While Knave, one of the games I run the most, suggests spells should be itemized as spellbooks, I find giving them flavor as Orbs (arcane) or Relics (divine) lends itself to a more active mental image of casting. Instead of thumbing through a book, you're waving an orb around. I also have a lot of Potions, Scrolls, and Charms floating around- the Charms are small magical items that work similar to a scroll, but you don't have to be able to read, and some provide a passive effect instead of a spell. Anything can potentially be a spell item, of course. This isn't anything new, there's always been swords that cast spells, random charms you can find that replicate spells. Now it's the rule, rather than the exception.

An aside: I find running a game with randomized spells as loot instead of being picked causes the game to have a certain vibe, a certain frantic energy. I don't want to say "roguelike", because that's too easy, but yeah it's kinda like a roguelike. Or like raccoons, sifting through trash for anything they can get their hands on. Or possums. Yes, Knave is a game with strong Possum Energy. I'm still trying to figure out how to tap into that possum energy in more traditional B/X games.

Death of a Merchant
 A benefit of Merchants only having a small number of notable items at any given time means that if the players decide to murder (or rob) them, they get less for their troubles. Some gold (merchants don't carry that much fluid gold on them), a few items, and a missed opportunity for more items in the future, plus any other consequences- bounties and the like, or a battle with their bodyguards. This pleases me, because I have to rely less on players buying into an artificial agreement not to be assholes and disrupt my fragile fiction for profit. The fiction is not fragile. 

That said, most merchants should have at least one bodyguard. Or be the bodyguard, so to speak.

Other Miscellaneous Notes

- Merchants make great faction rewards, especially if the faction has a home base that you can check in at. By faction, I mean any significant world organization that has a motivation that makes them likely to hire adventurers. This is where your potent magic item sellers should be. You know, the ones that sell enchanted heavy armor, or belts of be stronger +2. If that type of item gets sold at all, it should be an in-universe reward.

- My prices are super arbitrary and often very inflated, with potions in the 100-500 gp range and non consumable items easily being thousands of gold. This is one of the ways I get rid of all that excess wealth characters end up accumulating. The other being downtime activities like investment and construction and carousing. 

- I suppose this all is fairly capitalist in nature. Well, no worries. If you're sick of capitalism even in games, then instead of positioning all of this as gear to make yourselves stronger or weirder, come up with gear that can make your communities stronger (or weirder!).  Also, implicit in all this is the suggestion that some merchants aren't necessarily interested in gold. Rumors, Favors, or just plain old Bartering can serve as currency.


Weird Merchants, Weird Wares

So, you have all these merchants selling stuff, and your players are going to learn to jot down who sells what pretty quick, but it'll be a lot easier if your merchants are memorable. A couple of generic medieval merchants are ok, especially for your boring town folk, but in general this is a place where I like to focus my npc creativity. Truth be told, though,My NPCs aren't super creative as a whole, even when I focus on them, so an easier way to do this is just to make sure you're selling interesting things, that way they can at least remember the merchants via "that one guy that sells beam guns".

I can't give you a magic formula for making sure your merchants are weird. One thing that helps though is to start compiling a list of interesting item types, and of course any interesting item sellers you think of, as you think of them. Jot down interesting merchants in modules or even video games. I have a huge document entitled "Cool Loot" which I use to record my favorite stuff. It's an organized mess, but a great first reference document because I know everything in there is my style. Eventually you'll get to the point where this is second nature and you can think up weird effects on the spot.

Finally: A baseline normal is required to make the weird stuff stand out. Having a normal merchant selling swords makes the guy selling beam guns stand out. Never go full gonzo. Even Slumbering Ursine Dunes had a relatively normal farmstead at the entrance to it's bear and space elf filled sand dunes.

Anyway, here's some ideas. A couple of them are explicit pulls from Dark Souls. In fact, assume all of these have some basis somewhere else and have merely been filtered throguh my brain.

D12 Weird Merchants And/Or Wares

1. A scrap merchant near a "Barrier Peaks" type retro-futuristic dungeon. Really has no idea what he is selling, but among the junk you can find some useful futuristic items and the energy cells to power them.

2. A exotic pet salesman. My vote: Baby Drakes- Young drakes and wyverns, about the size of a hawk. Trained to do basic tasks like scout or retrieve items or distract enemies. Have been stolen from their parents, and their parents may come looking for them. If you really want to be explicit with the foreshadowing of doom for the party,  Baby Dragons, sold cheap.

3. A witch, living deep in the woods, knows how to prepare more... unusual potions. They can even teach you the recipes, though it'll cost you. This could be your transmutation potion specialist, for example.Could also teach you strange occult spells- not evil spells, mind you, but different, unconventional magic.

4. A sorcerer with an oversized hat is found wasting away in a cage. If you rescue him, he'll accompany you to the nearest safe location and stay there for awhile, selling magic utensils and spells. Probably will go insane by the end. IDK for sure I haven't gotten there yet.

5. A somber knight wishes to sell you the belongings of a deceased traveling companion, in order to pay for the funeral. It's mostly odds and ends, but there are a few notable magic items. This is a one time deal, not a reoccurring merchant, and if you don't bite he will have found another buyer by the next time you meet him.

6. A complete scoundrel possibly named  something like Cugel the Clever, is willing to sell you a mismatched assortment of magical trinkets. Absolutely sketchy as hell. Items may be defective or not work quite as marketed. Can be found both in town and in dungeons, trying to get easy loot from adventurer corpses while staying out of danger. Also sells maps that may or may not lead to treasure. The prices are dirt cheap, but you get what you pay for.

7. A Ranger selling preserved monster parts. Nothing more, nothing less, but some of them are quite exotic! Use for all your alchemy needs, or maybe just eat them. Delicious Wyvern Jerky, mmm-mmm.

8. A noblewoman from a forgotten era is trapped in a glass golem. Destroying the golem without injuring the lady inside can result in her teaching you some unusual spells that are otherwise lost to time.

9. A smuggler type with an explosives specialty. Willing to sell smoke bombs, shrapnel bombs, flashbangs, and good old fashioned dynamite. Will give you a discount if you're a member of the local thieves' organization.

10. A traveling priestess is willing to cast simple spells for the party, like cure light wounds, and also sells a variety of charms to ward off evil and maintain good health. These charms are legitimately effective. .

11. A Monster of The Dungeon. Is quite friendly, and genuine in it's friendliness, though it definitely wants to get all your money too. Sells items found off the corpses of other adventurers. Could be a talking giant spider, a clever bugbear, anything really. This is a trope that will never get old.

12. A traveling mask salesman. Honestly... enough said.

Not my art, duh.

Like, again, none of these are revolutionary, but that's part of the point: they don't have to be revolutionary as long as they are presented as a unique opportunity to be engaged with.  Every new merchant should be a potential new resource, a memorable encounter, or just open new gameplay possibilities.


tl;dr: Have merchants selling limited stocks of items. Seed them throughout your world, and your random encounter tables. Make them weird. Harness them as encounters, not dull busy work.

Slot based Inventory

(Note: Scroll to the bottom of the post for full system minus commentary)

I keep seeing posts about Slot based inventory systems. Which is weird, since in the OSR space I inhabit encumbrance is more or less solved.

Don't use weight. Weight is bad. Might as well not track items at all. Use inventory slots.

 The basic solution goes like this:

"You get a number of inventory slots equal to STR or CON. Each item takes up 1 slot. Some items take up 2 or more slots. Small items may be bundled, and some items are insignificant and can be ignored."

Bam. Simple. Elegant. Except we gotta make some definitions. Because that by itself is vague and wishy-washy and while that may suit some people, some other important people, like  your players, may potentially get stressed out about needing to ask all the time about the details. So we gotta flesh out the rule a little bit:

Medium Armor takes 2 slots. Heavy Armor takes 3 slots.
Two handed weapons take 2 slots, as do 10 foot poles and other unwieldy items.
Insignificant items are like,  tiny items. A single unenchanted ring. A pruning knife.

What about bundling? This gets tricky. I've settled on the following two rules, which are by no means standard:


Rule of 3: Any item that more or less fits into your hand may be bundled into sets of three.
Specialized Containers: If you have a special container for an item type, it may be bundled up in sets of five. Ammo allows you to carry sets of 10.


(Suddenly, Spell Scrolls and Potion Bags are very, very useful!)
(Also, don't track ammo unless it is magical. Buy a quiver, go crazy. It is so, so very rare that mundane ammo numbers matter.)


At this point some people are done. But others look at this and are like "woah we can only carry up to our STR? That's almost nothing".

One response is "use hirelings". To a degree, that's my response too, but encumbrance is fun and useful in it's own way. So, super simple encumbrance rules.

You can carry a number of items up to STR x2 while encumbered. If encumbered, you move at half speed and have disadvantage on checks requiring physical ability, like climbing, swimming, jumping.

 This may be a little overly harsh, but it's better than my base rule would be.  Yora at Spriggan's Den has a three tiered encumbrance system that is much more forgiving for players, but requires you to actually calculate exact movespeed, which I don't actually do. Different strokes for different folks, it's a fine system. In any case, I recommend hirelings and pack animals if you don't want to deal with the penalties. (PS: I grabbed the idea of Insignificant items from Yora's post just now, I'd been grappling with a term to describe them and now I have it!)

So, lets put these rules all together!

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The Encumbrance System to End All Encumbrance systems


You get a number of inventory slots equal to STR. Each item takes up 1 slot. Some items take up 2 or more slots. Small items may be bundled, and some items are insignificant and can be ignored.

Medium Armor takes 2 slots. Heavy Armor takes 3 slots.
Two handed weapons take 2 slots, as do 10 foot poles and other unwieldy items.
Insignificant items are like,  tiny items. A single unenchanted ring. A pruning knife.

Rule of 3: Any item that more or less fits into your hand may be bundled into sets of three. Potions, Scrolls, Rations, and Torches count, even though Torches are large.
Specialized Containers: If you have a special container for an item type, it may be bundled up in sets of five. Ammo allows you to carry sets of 10. Don't track mundane ammo.

You can carry a number of items up to STR x2 while encumbered. If encumbered, you move at half speed and have disadvantage on checks requiring physical ability, like climbing, swimming, jumping.

----

Oh no, that's 4 paragraphs, wasn't this supposed to be simple?

In our quest to create super rules-lite gameplay, we sometimes get stuck on short length to the point where it's harmful. Most of what is here should be very intuitive, but will dramatically cut down on player questions and stress. It's worth the space, IMO. Anything that you cut will need to be talked about, probably over and over. I'd still consider this super simple and elegant compared to most inventory systems.

---

So how do you visually represent this on your page?

 Have an inventory page as an example. Let's say you have 9 STR.

*1) BIG 2H SWORD
*2) XXXXXXXX
*3) [3 POTIONS- Healing, Invisibility, Unidentified]
4) LEATHER ARMOR
5) LARGE GOLD STATUE
6) XXXXXXXXX
7) XXXXXXXXX
8) XXXXXXXXX
9) [SCROLL CASE (5/5): Magic Missile x2, Locate Object, Cure Wounds, Fireball]

I use XXXX's to represent slots that are used, but you can use anything that makes it obvious the slot is taken. I use brackets here to indicate items that are bundled together.  Allcaps is optional.

The * refer to quick slots- I use one more rule, you get a number of quick slots equal to your DEX mod, which can be freely equipped mid battle with no action loss. I like this rule but it's really optional so this is the only place I'll mention it.

---

As a player, I enjoy this system to no end. I love my equipment mattering, I love the feeling of my armor class going through the roof as I decide I don't need free slots when plate mail and shields exist. I love knowing exactly how much I can carry, without worrying that I messed up my math, because I am bad at math. 

I recognize not all players are going to be so thrilled, but if they can't handle this, I can't see them doing well with ANY inventory system.

---

One final consideration: The question of unusually low strength.

In an old school OSR game (as opposed to newfangled "adventure" games like Knave), this will suck if you roll a 3 STR or something. It's always going to suck in that case, but in a "weight" game it's easier to cheat since no one is keeping track anyway. In this system, it's going to be really obvious how little you can carry.

I like allowing the following rule in character creation: 3d6 in order, but reroll one stat or swap two. If you get really STR screwed, this gives you enough leeway to hopefully fix it. Some characters are doomed, but most should be able to get at least 8-9 STR one way or another. Of course, you may not want to spend that reroll on STR, but it's an option, and hard choices are the heart of the game!

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Your mileage may vary on the details. There are options here, ways to tweak it, and I'm not going to say my way is the best way. But I will defend inventory slots as a general concept to my grave, this is the hill I will die on!

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Here's my rules again, so that they're easily found at the bottom of the post. I am assuming a normal OSR system, but these have been tested with GLOG and Knave and probably could even work with something like 5E:



You get a number of inventory slots equal to STR. Each item takes up 1 slot. Some items take up 2 or more slots. Small items may be bundled, and some items are insignificant and can be ignored.

Medium Armor takes 2 slots. Heavy Armor takes 3 slots.
Two handed weapons take 2 slots, as do 10 foot poles and other unwieldy items.
Insignificant items are like,  tiny items. A single unenchanted ring. A pruning knife.

Rule of 3: Any item that more or less fits into your hand may be bundled into sets of three. Potions, Scrolls, Rations, and Torches count (even though Torches are large).
Specialized Containers: If you have a special container for an item type, it may be bundled up in sets of five. Ammo allows you to carry sets of 10. Don't track mundane ammo.

You can carry a number of items up to STR x2 while encumbered. If encumbered, you move at half speed and have disadvantage on checks requiring physical ability, like climbing, swimming, jumping.